| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2012 | Volume
: 5
| Issue : 3 | Page : 214-218 |
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A study on parapneumonic effusions/lower respiratory infections and their burden on rural population of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, South India
Debkishore Gupta, Suguna S Hemachander
Department of Microbiology, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Suguna S Hemachander
Department of Microbiology, Mamata Medical College, Rotary Nagar, Khammam-507 002, Andhra Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1755-6783.98622
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Context : Varied microbial etiology of parapneumonic effusions/lower respiratory infections casts a heavy burden on rural population in India. Aims : To determine microbial etiology, and burden of parapneumonic effusions (PPE) and lower respiratory infections (LRI), affecting adults hailing from rural areas. Settings and Design : Hospital-based, longitudinal and prospective study during the period of March 2009 to March 2010. Materials and Methods : Sputum, endotracheal (ET) tube secretion, bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL), and pleural fluids were collected from adult patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and wards. Economic burden of hospital stay, treatment, and loss of income for patients/family were noted and analyzed.
Statistical Analysis : Percentages and proportions. Results : Infections of lower respiratory tract clinically appear as pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscess, and emphysema. Hence, the types of specimen collected from the patients were varied, and all patients were from rural background. One hundred and fifty three samples were collected. Seventeen sputum samples were rejected by the selection criteria of Murray and Washington grading system. Hence, 136 samples were processed. Fifty-nine out of 136 yielded 48 bacterial isolates and 11 fungi. S. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and S. aureus were responsible for most of the infections. P. aeruginosa from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients had history of hospitalization. Acinetobacter baumannii (2), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1) were noteworthy among the bacterial isolates. Conclusion : S. pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated organism, over all. In parapneumonic effusions, 36% were Gram-negative bacilli, Escherichia coli being the commonest. Isolation of Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas from critically ill patients in ICU and their sensitivity to higher antibiotics warrants strict vigilance. In more than half of the cases (56.62%), a specific etiology could not be determined. The morbidity, mortality, and economic burden due to these infections in rural population are indeed heavy. |
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