The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by antibody testing in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A total of 102 chronic renal failure patients on HD was studied. All the patients were tested for antiHCV. The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 23.5%. The longer a patient is on HD, the more susceptible he/she is to HCV acquisition. It is recommended that HD patients should be monitored in order to determine the full risk factors for HCV contamination observed in this study.

Background: Medical diseases vary depending on the locality and it reflects the pattern of medical admissions into a medical centre. We set out to collect, analyse, present the report of results from Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital to the wider scientific community on pattern and outcome of patients in medical wards in the hospital between January 2009 to December 2012. This we believe would reflect the relative pattern, trend of diseases burden and relative importance of diseases in the hospital locality. Methods: The study was a retrospective descriptive study where data of admission cases in both male and female medical wards were collected (from the admission register with occasional reference to some patients' case notes) and analysed. Results: A total of 1066 patients were admitted during the study period, Male patients constituted 52.5% while female were 47.5% (Male: Female ratio 1.11:1 , age range 14-99 years) while under 20 years, Under 30 years and Elderly constituted 30.1%, 59.3% and 12.5% respectively. Malaria, hypertension, Vaso-occlussive Crisis in Sickle Cell Diseases, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Gastroenteritis and Enteric Fever were the most common diseases admitted during the study period. Infectious and parasitic diseases was found to constitute the majority of diseases admitted. 81.2%, 4.6% and 1.6% of admitted patients were discharged, referred and died respectively. Discussions and Conclusion: The large proportion of patients in younger age groups was likely due to the university community that is located in the same town with the teaching hospital. Elderly patients accounted for 11.1% of total hospitalization similar to value gotten in another Teaching Hospital. The study showed essentially that Infectious diseases constituted the bulk of admission with malaria being the largest single disease. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) were also prominent. Majority of the patients were discharged home with lesser outcome of referral, death and transfer etc.

Background: Maternal mortality remains a major problem in many parts of the world including Nigeria.Understanding the causes of maternal mortality is crucial in confronting the challenge of unyielding high rates. The aim of this study was to determine the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality in Lagos State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of adults residing in Lagos State, Nigeria. The sample size used for this study was 29,988. The respondents were selected by multistage sampling from all the local government areas in the state. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data entry, cleaning, validation and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0. Results: Among the 29,988 respondents, 306 (1.0%) gave a history of married sisters who died during pregnancy, childbirth or during the postpartum period. Of the 306, 138 (45.1%) died during pregnancy; 107 (34.9%) died during childbirth, and 61 (19.9%) died during the postpartum period. Abortion, ectopic pregnancies and hypertension were the most commonly mentioned cause of death during pregnancy, while anemia, prolonged labor and obstructed labor were the common causes during childbirth. Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , infection and malaria were the common causes of maternal death during the 6 weeks after end of pregnancy/childbirth. Conclusions and Recommendation: Over half of the maternal deaths in Lagos State occurred during labor and immediately postpartum. Community education on the importance of having skilled attendants at delivery must be provided. Emergency obstetric care should be available, accessible and affordable at health facilities, and efforts must be made to prevent unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions by increasing contraceptive use. The malaria control efforts should be intensified.

In October 2013, leptospirosis was identified in a 20-year-old male. The male was bitten on his hand by either his canine or a skunk while breaking up a fight between the two animals. Eight days after the bite, the male developed fever, headache, drowsiness, neck pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise and erythematous rash. Diagnosis was confirmed by amplification of Leptospira by DNA from a urine specimen. Veterinarian serology testing of the canine for Leptospira was negative. Leptospira in a human, acquired from an animal bite is a rare occurrence.

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, generally develops 6 months 10 years after apparent successful cure from visceral leishmaniasis. Rarely, it shows the feature of perineurial infiltration. This causes diagnostic confusion with tuberculoid leprosy, especially in countries like India, where leprosy is endemic.